ملخص الدرس / الأولى ثانوي/اللغة الإنجليزية/UNIT 1/Getting Through

"Politeness costs nothing and gains everything"

When we don't know how to go to a place or how to do something, we ask someone for

instructions politely.

EXEMPLES:

"I don't know how to use my new smart phone. Can you show me how to do it, please?" 

"Could you show me the way to the bus station, please?"

 

 

 Formal polite requests :

DÉFINITION:

 Formal polite requests made to people we do not know very well. Its form:

Could + subject + infinitive form of the verb + complement?

EXEMPLES:

"Could you drive less quickly, please?" . 

"Could you speak more quickly, please?"

 

Informal polite requests :

DÉFINITION:

 Informal polite requests made to people we are familiar with .Its form:

Can + subject + infinitive form of the verb + complement ?

EXEMPLES:

"Can you speak louder, please?"

"Can you say it more clearly, please?"

We also have to be polite if we want someone to do something for us Or we ask for permission to do something or make an offer.

Form1: to make an offer

Would you like to + verb......?

EXEMPLES:

"Would you like something or something else?"

"Would you like something or something else?" 

"Would you like to take a single room or a double room? 

"Would you like to take tea or coffee?"

DÉFINITION:

Form2: to ask for permission

May + 1/ we + verb +.........?

EXEMPLES:

“May I borrow your pen, please?" 

 "May we take photos in this museum?"

DÉFINITION:

Form3: to ask someone to do something for us

Do you mind + verb + ing..............? 

Would you mind verb + ing..........?

EXEMPLES:

"Do you mind opening the door" ·

"Would you mind calling a taxi for me?"

EXEMPLES:

"Could you call the security agent?" 

“May I use your phone?"

À RETENIR:

Keep in mind that in spoken English, the modals "could", "may" and "would make the form sound polite without "please". 

However, an imperative sentence becomes polite when we use “please" at the end of the sentence.

Order: "Shut the door!"

Polite form: "Shut the door, please"

1→Monitor screen

2→Desktop or Tower CPU

3→Mouse

4→ Speakers

5→Floppy Disc

6→Printer

7→Earphones

8→ CD ROM 

9→Digital camera

10→Scanner

We use ‘from ... to' to give periods of time.

(past)          →       (future)

   ↓                             ↓

Now            ----         March

e.g. It will take from now to next March to finish the work.

From...to are used with:

years (from 1954 to 1962) 

months (from May to July) 

days (from Saturday to Thursday) 

dates (from May 1st to July 5 th) 

parts of the day (from dawn to dusk) 

hours (from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m.)

We use ‘until' to give end points in time. (past) 9 o'clock now (future)

e.g. I waited for the message until 9 o'clock and I left.

Until is used with:

years (until 2015)

months (until December)

days (until Monday)

dates (until July 5 th)

hours (until 5 o'clock)

We can describe shape and color in three different ways.

Look at these examples:

It is square. → It is square in shape.→  Its shape is square.

It is yellow. → It is yellow in colour.→ Its colour is yellow

look:

Look at these two sentences"

The coffee machine is red	We can use with to join them.
It has three buttons.	1st part of the sentence	with	what?
	The coffee machine is red.	with	three buttons.

Two-Syllable nouns and adjectives:

In most two syllable nouns and adjectives, the first syllable takes on the stress.

Examples:

SAMples

CARton

Two-Syllable verbs and prepositions:

In most two syllable verbs and prepositions, the stress is on the second syllable.

Examples:

reLAX

reCEIVE

pour exprimer des habitudes, des vérités générales, des actions répétées ou des situations immuables, des émotions et des désirs :

I smoke → (habit); 

I work in London →  (unchanging situation); 

London is a large city →  (general truth) •

 pour donner des instructions ou des directives :

You walk for two hundred meters, then you turn left.

pour exprimer des dispositions fixes, présentes ou futures : 

Your exam starts at 09.00 

pour exprimer le futur, après certaines conjonctions: after, when, before, as soon as, until:

He'll give it to you when you come next Saturday.

ATTENTION !: Le présent simple n'est pas utilisé pour exprimer des actions qui se déroulent au moment présent.

EXEMPLES:

Pour les habitudes:

He drinks tea at breakfast.

She only eats fish.

They watch television regularly. 

Pour les actions répétées:

We catch the bus every morning.

It rains every afternoon in the hot season.

They drive to Monaco every summer. 

Pour les vérités générales:

Water freezes at zero degrees.

The Earth revolves around the Sun.

Her mother is Peruvian.

Pour les instructions et les directions:

Open the packet and pour the contents into hot water.

You take the No.6 bus to Watney and then the No.10 to Bedford. · 

Pour des accords fixes:

His mother arrives tomorrow.

Our holiday starts on the 26th March Avec le futur She'll see you before she leaves.

We'll give it to her when she arrives.

Le verbe à la troisième personne du singulier "he, she, it se termine toujours par -s:

he wants, she needs, he gives, she thinks. 

Les formes négatives et les questions utilisent DOES (= troisième personne de l'auxiliaire 'DO') + l'infinitif du verbe.

He wants ice cream. Does he want strawberry? He does not want vanilla. 

Avec les verbes se terminant par -y le -y de la la troisième personne se transforme en -ies:

fly --> flies, 

cry --> cries Exception: en cas de voyelle avant le-y:

play --> plays, 

pray --> prays 

 Ajouter -es aux verbes se terminant par:-ss, -X, -sh, -ch:

he passes, she catches, he fixes, it pushes

EXEMPLES:

He goes to school every morning. 

She understands English. 

It mixes the sand and the water. 

He tries very hard.