ملخص الدرس / الثآنية ثانوي/اللغة الإنجليزية/UNIT 1/Peace and Conflicts Resolution

form: 

used+to +infinitive 

used to is the same in all persons 

meaning and use:

used to +verb refers to a habit in the past .

I used to believe in ghosts ; but now Idon't believe  in them any longer. 

I now theu don't exist.

Does she watch cartoon very often ? Not now , but she used to. 

They used to go out a lot,but these  days they prefer to stay at home .

Used to also refers to past situation /states that no longer exist. 

examples: 

she used to stady in Iben Badis Middel school , but now she studies in lala Fatima N'soumer lycee .

this room is now  is a reaiding room of the school library.I used to be a canteen.

"What life used to be like here? it used to be fantastic" 

Used to has no present simple tense form.so if you want to refer to a habit in the present , you must use the simple present. 

used to +verb refers to a habit in the past .

exampels:

I used to believe in ghosts ; but now Idon't believe  in them any longer. 

I now theu don't exist.

Does she watch cartoon very often ? Not now , but she used to. 

They used to go out a lot,but these  days they prefer to stay at home .

Used to also refers to past situation /states that no longer exist. 

examples: 

she used to stady in Iben Badis Middel school , but now she studies in lala Fatima N'soumer lycee .

this room is now  is a reaiding room of the school library.I used to be a canteen.

"What life used to be like here? it used to be fantastic" 

Used to has no present simple tense form.so if you want to refer to a habit in the present , you must use the simple present 

examples: 

I used to get up early I'm in the habit of rising early habit in (the present).

we can alwaysuse the past simple instead of used to .

example: she used to to smoke before I knew her=she smoked before Iknew her.

We used did +use (not used to) to form questions  and negative of used to .

Examples: 

Did you used to cry when you were a child ?

I didn't use to cry.

we answer yes-no questions as follows:

Did you use to live here?

yes,Idid. No, Ididn't.

We form question tags as follows: 

They used to live here, didn't they ?

They didn't used to live here ,did they?

Did you use to live here?

yes,Idid. No, Ididn't.

We form question tags as follows: 

They used to live here, didn't they ?

They didn't used to live here ,did they?

Meaning and uses:

We use the simple present when we : 

talk about habitual actions.e.g. I generally wake up at 7 on weekdays and at 8 on weekend.

talke about permanent truths.e.g. Uncul Hassan works in a factory 

make futur references to timetables .e.g. the conference begins at 8.30 next Saturday. 

make declarations .e.g. Ilove you .I wishe you full success.

give intsturactions.e.g you go straight ahead .

 say how often we do things .e.g. Iregulary go for a check -up .

Before he gowes to work , he buys four bottles of milk.

We use the simple present when we : 

talk about habitual actions.e.g. I generally wake up at 7 on weekdays and at 8 on weekend.

talke about permanent truths.e.g. Uncul Hassan works in a factory 

make futur references to timetables .e.g. the conference begins at 8.30 next Saturday. 

make declarations .e.g. Ilove you .I wishe you full success.

give intsturactions.e.g you go straight ahead .

 say how often we do things .e.g. Iregulary go for a check -up .

Before he gowes to work , he buys four bottles of milk.

Spelling:

Add s to most verbs : live/lives       work/works          eat/eats           run/runs.

Add es when the verbsend in:  o/s/ss/sh/ch and x.

wash /washess    kiss /kisses     watch /watches       go /goes     do/ does          mix / mixes

if the verb ends ina consoant +y(ry,ly,dy) change the y ti ie before s.

apply/ applies         try /tries        study /studies

Form: the progressive form is formed with the present simple form of the verb be+the ing form of the main verb :

am /is /are +verb +ing 

spelling:

how to add ing to a verbin the present continuous :

we add ing to most verbs without changing the base form: singing/drinking .

if a verb ends in e we leave out the e and add ing : e.g writewritting .

the exception to this rule are:be being  see seeing  agree  agreeing.

if a one syllable verb ends in a single vowel followed by a consonant , we double the consonant .e.g.sit sitting   plan planning 

stop stopping .

if a verb has more than one syllable , we double the final consonant only if the final syllable is stressed .e.g. begin /bI'gIn/beginning,

but visit /'vIzIt/visiting  .

y does not change before ing e.g.study studying .

if a verb ends in ie ,we change ie to y before ing e.g. to diedying .

if a verb ends in ic, wechange ic to ick e.g. panic  panicking.

uses:

We use the present cantinuous when we refer to :

actions hapening in progresse at the moment of speaking :

e.g.We are singing at the moment .

situations that are changing:

e.g.the population of the worldis rising very quickly.

to temporary actions not necessarily at the time of speaking:

e.g. they're studying  Russian at a foreign language schoolin constantine .

future plans and arrangements (in this case we use a time adverbial with futur reference):

e.g. I'm going to England tomorrow/ nextweek next year on july.

not I will go to England.    

Note: We usually don't use the present continuous with perception verbs see hear feel emmotion

verbs: want ,like ,dislike ,hate...wishing verbs wish, hope...and verbs of thinking( think, know...) because they are stative verbs  

how to add ing to a verbin the present continuous :

we add ing to most verbs without changing the base form: singing/drinking .

if a verb ends in e we leave out the e and add ing : e.g writewritting .

the exception to this rule are:be being  see seeing  agree  agreeing.

if a one syllable verb ends in a single vowel followed by a consonant , we double the consonant .e.g.sit sitting   plan planning 

stop stopping .

if a verb has more than one syllable , we double the final consonant only if the final syllable is stressed .e.g. begin /bI'gIn/beginning,

but visit /'vIzIt/visiting  .

y does not change before ing e.g.study studying .

if a verb ends in ie ,we change ie to y before ing e.g. to diedying .

if a verb ends in ic, wechange ic to ick e.g. panic  panicking.

uses:

We use the present cantinuous when we refer to :

actions hapening in progresse at the moment of speaking :

e.g.We are singing at the moment .

situations that are changing:

e.g.the population of the worldis rising very quickly.

to temporary actions not necessarily at the time of speaking:

e.g. they're studying  Russian at a foreign language schoolin constantine .

future plans and arrangements (in this case we use a time adverbial with futur reference):

e.g. I'm going to England tomorrow/ nextweek next year on july.

not I will go to England.    

Note: We usually don't use the present continuous with perception verbs see hear feel emmotion

verbs: want ,like ,dislike ,hate...wishing verbs wish, hope...and verbs of thinking( think, know...) because they are stative verbs  

We use the present cantinuous when we refer to :

actions hapening in progresse at the moment of speaking :

e.g.We are singing at the moment .

situations that are changing:

e.g.the population of the worldis rising very quickly.

to temporary actions not necessarily at the time of speaking:

e.g. they're studying  Russian at a foreign language schoolin constantine .

future plans and arrangements (in this case we use a time adverbial with futur reference):

e.g. I'm going to England tomorrow/ nextweek next year on july.

not I will go to England.    

Note: We usually don't use the present continuous with perception verbs see hear feel emmotion

verbs: want ,like ,dislike ,hate...wishing verbs wish, hope...and verbs of thinking( think, know...) because they are stative verbs