ملخص الدرس / الأولى ثانوي/اللغة الإنجليزية/UNIT 3/Back to nature

The types of energy which can be produced in the different areas of our country are:

      Solar:  Algerian Sahara

      Wind:  Algerian coastal area; Djurdjura; Aures; Ouarsenis...

      Ocean: Algerian coastal area

      Biomass: El-Harrach; Oran; Mitidja; Medjana; El-Houdna; Medea...

      Geothermal: North-eastern area: Collo; Jijel; Skikda... 

      Hydroelectric: Kabylia; Khenchela; Batna; Chlef...

The most viable energy source for Algeria is solar energy because of its cleanness and the availability of sun rays in the Sahara almost all the year round.

 

 

Energy	Places	Advantages / drawbacks
Solar	deserts - areas with a lot of sun	clean but intermittent (= not permanent)
Wind	coasts - mountains - plains	clean but intermittent and noisy
Ocean	bays - marshes - beaches	clean but expensive and destructive to environment
Biomass	urban dumps - big farms	trash-consuming but air polluting and expensive
Geothermal	places with a lot of water	clean but too demanding in terms of water
Hydroelectric	areas with high mountain ranges and rivers	the cleanest but also the most expensive

  Today, the problem of environmental protection is one of the major global problems that threaten to the survival of the mankind and numerous species inhabiting the Earth. In such a situation, the use of fossil fuels is the major cause of the environmental pollution.   Therefore, the introduction of alternative fuels can reduce consistently the pollution and, thus, improve the environmental situation worldwide.

  Modern industries and transport cannot function normally without the use of fossil fuels since there are no alternatives that can totally substitute them at the moment.

  At the same time, fossil fuels are the major source of the pollution of the environment because the use of fossil fuels leads to the emission of CO2 and other gases and dangerous elements that pollute air and environment at large. Consequently, the more people use fossil fuels the more they pollute their environment. Hence, the only logical solution of the problem of the protection of the environment is the minimization of the use of fossil fuels and the total ban of the use of these fuels.

  But this measure will need the use of alternative fuels and sources of energy.

Among the variety of existing alternative fuels, it is worth mentioning the solar energy which could transform the solar power and generate electricity. Also, it is possible to use the wind power as a source of energy. Basically, the wind power may be used to generate electricity similarly to the solar power, but it also has its own limitations because it is dependent on the environmental situation, i.e. on the wind.

  In conclusion, it is important to stress that the aforementioned alternative sources are harmless to the environment and are renewable sources of energy. Hence, they can be an efficient solution of the problem of the environmental protection.

Waste is anything that we get rid of, throw away or do not use. While some items inarguably cannot be used again, many are tossed before their time. Others are unnecessary - such as petroleum-based plastic bags, which choke the environment and kill wildlife, even though we now have access to much better alternatives.

  Today, waste is a huge problem, affecting every part of our environment, from our waterways to our atmosphere, our grassy fields to our forests, our plants to our people. If we want to make an impact in the fight against waste and pollution, one of the best things we can do is ensure kids get these lessons young. Whether you're a teacher or a parent or a concerned kid yourself, here's a basic rundown of "reduce, reuse, recycle" and tips you can implement today.

"Reduce" is not necessarily the easiest step, though you might think so. While it seems simple to just buy less, we humans can be very set in our ways, relying heavily on products to which we are loyal. To truly implement this step, it's important to cast a critical eye on what we use, and ask: What could we do better? What don't we need? What is made of a harmful substance, and can be replaced with something less harmful - or eliminated altogether?

  Both grownups and kids struggle with such questions, and it takes effort to begin answering them differently. That's okay, just practice. You can begin reducing the amount of waste you produce by choosing to buy products that do not create excess waste that later has to be added to landfills. Think meat that comes in styrofoam (a type of plastic, believe it or not), or fruit and veggies that have heavy packaging

around them. Choose to not buy single serve products. You can also buy products that have packaging that can be easily recycled, and stop buying bottled water altogether.

To reduce food waste, start a compost pile in the backyard. That way, instead of heading to landfill where it won't decompose for hundreds of years, food gets a second life as rich soil the following season - a great fertilizer. You can then use your garden to grow food, and avoid having to buy fruits and vegetables that come in packaging.

  Since adults do most of the shopping, if you're a kid, you'll have to step up and really make your voice heard. Tell them that plastic harms land animals, marine mammals and birds, fish and plants, and that making it pollutes the air. On the other hand, if you're a grownup, spend time talking through each choice with kids and getting their opinion. No matter who you are, conversation is the key to better choices.

  One final idea for reducing is to stop using plastic altogether, as well as paper, which isn't much better for the environment than plastic. Make sure you always have your reusable bags in the trunk when you go to the store with your parents. You can even start up a fundraiser for your school or church using custom reusable shopping bags with a logo of your choice!