ملخص الدرس / الأولى ثانوي/اللغة الإنجليزية/UNIT 4/Innovation and Technology
Adjectives derived from names of sciences
to be able to stress names of sciences ending in ‘-y’ and the adjectives derived from them ending in ‘-al’.
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Names of sciences |
Adjectives derived from names of sciences |
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Technology /teknɒlәdʒɪ/ Ecology /ɪkɒlәdʒɪ/ Geology /dʒɪɒlәdʒɪ/ Sociology /səʊʃɪɒlәdʒɪ/ Biology /baɪɒlәdʒɪ/ Hydrology /haɪdrɒlәdʒɪ/ Anthropology /æn rәpɒlәdʒɪ/ Bacteriology /bæktɪәrɪɒlәdʒɪ/ |
Technological /teknәlɒdʒɪkәl/ Ecological /ɪkәlɒdʒɪkәl/ Geological /dʒɪәlɒdʒɪkәl/ Sociological /səʊʃɪәlɒdʒɪkәl/ Biological /baɪәlɒdʒɪkәl/ Hydrological /haɪdrәlɒdʒɪkәl/ Anthropological /æn rәpәlɒdʒɪkәl/ Bacteriological /bæktɪәrɪәlɒdʒɪkәl/ |
the futur perfect:
We use the futur perfect to predict that an action will already be completed at a particular time in the futuer .the future perfect is often used with by, wich means at or before.
Example:
A- By 2050,electronic information technology will have transformed world business.
in sentence Aabove,the action is predicted to happen before2050, but in sentence B below the action is predicted to happen exactly in 2050.
B- in 2050,electronic information technology will transform world.
pronunciation rules for final -s:
You pronounce the final s as /iz/ in the word ends in one of the following sounds:/s/miss, /z/buss, /§/washes, /ts/ watches, /d3/manages ,/3/ garages.
if a word ends in any other voiceless consonant sounds /k/,/f/,/p/, /θ/,/t/.you pronounce the final s as /s/.
if a word ends in any other voiced consonant sounds /b/, /d/, /g/, /l/,/m/,/n/,/ℑ/,/r/,/t/,/v/.or a vowel sound you pronouncethe final s as /z/
advantages and drawbacks
| Energy | Places | Advantages / drawbacks |
| Solar |
deserts - areas with a lot of sun |
clean but intermittent (= not permanent) |
| Wind |
coasts - mountains - plains |
clean but intermittent and noisy |
| Ocean |
bays - marshes - beaches |
clean but expensive and destructive to environment |
| Biomass |
urban dumps - big farms |
trash-consuming but air polluting and expensive |
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Geothermal |
places with a lot of water |
clean but too demanding in terms of water |
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Hydroelectric |
areas with high mountain ranges and rivers |
the cleanest but also the most expensive |