ملخص الدرس / الثالثة ثانوي/اللغة الإنجليزية/All tenses/Present Perfect

The present perfect is used to indicate a link between the present and the past. We use the present perfect to talk about past actions which still continue in the present. The time of the action is before now but not specified, and we are often more interested in the resultthan in the action itself.

Rule :

Subject+to have (present tense)+the past participle of the main verb.

The past participle of a regular verb is stem+ed,

**For irregular verbs, see the Table of irregular

• Affirmative

Subject+ to have+ past participle

• Negative

Subject+ to have + not+ past participle

• Interrogative

To have+ subject+ past participle

• Negative interrogative

To have + not+ Subject+ past participle

• An action or situation that started in the past and continues in the present. 

E.g. I have lived in Oran since 1998 (I still do.)

• An action performed during a period that has not yet finished. 

E.g. She has been to the cinema twice this week (the week isn't over yet.)

• A repeated action in an unspecified period between the past and now. 

E.g. We have visited Tamenraset several times.

• An action that was completed in the very recent past, expressed by 'just'.

E.g. I have just finished my work.

• An action when the time is not important. (the result of his reading is important)

E.g. He has read “Nedjma”. 

• Actions started in the past and continuing in the present

E.g. 1 They haven’t lived here for years.

E.g. 2 She has worked in the bank for five years.

E.g. 3We have had the same car for ten years.

E.g. 4 Have you played the guitar since you were young?

• When the time period referred to has not finished

E.g. 1 I have studied hard this week.

E.g.2 It has rained a lot tonight.

E.g.3 We haven't seen her today.

• Actions repeated in an unspecified period between the past and now.

E.g.1 They have seen that film many times.

E.g.2 It has happened several times already.

E.g.3 She has visited them frequently.

E.g.4 We have eaten at that restaurant many times.

• Actions completed in the very recent past (+just)

E.g.1 Have you just finished work?

E.g.2 I have just arrived.

E.g.3 We have just been there.

E.g.4 Has he just left?

• When the precise time of the action is not important or not known

E.g.1Someone has stolen my car!

E.g.2  Have you seen 'Avatar?

E.g.3 She's studied Japanese, Russian, and English.