ملخص الدرس / الثالثة ثانوي/اللغة الإنجليزية/UNIT 3/It’s a Giant Leap for Mankind

When we give a historical account or tell the story of something or someone, we resort to an organisational pattern based on chronology. To convey chronological order we use:

Past tenses (generally the past simple and occasionally the past perfect).

Sequencers which express :

the beginning of a list : first, to start with, to begin with, originally, etc.

the continuation of a list : next, then, shortly afterwards, later, etc.

the end of a list: finally, at last, eventually, in the end, etc.

Time conjunctions: when, as soon as, while, before, after, once, etc.

Skimming:  Skimming means reading quickly for gist (general meaning). You skim through a written text in order to find out about the topic, the main ideas and the general organisation.

When you are asked to skim through a text, you needn't know every word and sentence in the text. You should concentrate, instead, on recognizing key words, i.e. words that the writer considers to be important. Key words are often repeated in the text.

Scanning: means reading for specific pieces of information (a fact, or a detail, or a particular word). When you scan written texts, your eyes should move quickly to find the information you are interested in. Ignore irrelevant items. What counts here is your power of observation.