ملخص الدرس / الثالثة ثانوي/اللغة الإنجليزية/All tenses/Past perfect

The past perfect refers to a time earlier than before now. It is used when one event happened before another in the past. 

Rule :

had+ past participle.

In the following examples, Event A is the event that happened first and Event B is the second event:

Eg1: Amine had left the room  when  I arrived.

                        Event A                    Event B

Eg2: I had saved my document  before  the computer crashed.

                     Event A                                  Event B

Eg3: they are very tired  because  they hadn’t slept enough.

                    Event A                                  Event B

“Just” is used with the past perfect to refer to an event that was only a short time earlier than before now.

• The train had just left when I arrived at the station.
• The theif had just left the house when the police arrived.
• We had just arrived to the beach when it started to rain.

Rule :

Subject+ had+not+ PP

examples

• They hadn’t arrived.
• We hadn’t finished the work given to us.
• He hadn’t closed the shop.

Rule :

had+subject+ PP+ ?

examples

• Had they arrived?
• Had she read the novel?
• Had he forgot his keys?

Rule :

Hadn’t+subject+ PP+ ?

examples

• Hadn’t they arrived?
• Hadn’t he closed the shop?